C++ Primer 4th Edition 学习笔记

8
27
2012

大二的Jingo需要到二校区给学弟们当C\C++程序设计实验课的TA，为了不出现各种XXOO而Jingo解决不了的事情，外加因为一直不按照C++标准去写程序，C\C++特性乱用的Jingo的确想改一下自己写代码的风格习惯，趁着前几周课程不紧，Jingo决定拜读学习一下《C++ Primer 4th Edition》。为了监督自己的学习和备忘，Jingo每天要记下一点学习笔记。

第2章变量和基本类型

C++的每一种变量规定了最小的存储空间;

可以给unsigned的类型赋值为负数、超过范围的数，需要%256、65536这样的数;

整形中，0开头比如024为八进制（octal），十六进制(hexadecimal)0x或0X开头;

整形字面值后加L、U;

浮点字面值后可加F、L，默认为double; 1024f是不正确的;

转义序列\000（octal）、\xddd(hexadecimal)

多行语句可以在行末加\链接起来;

cou/
t << en/
dl;

标识符不能包含两个连续的下划线，也不能下划线开头后紧跟一个大写字母;

非const引用只能绑定到与该引用同类型的对象;

const引用能绑定到不同类型或者绑定到右值;

double dval=3.14;
const int &ri=dval;

非const变量默认为extern,const默认为局部变量;

枚举型示例：

enum Point {
    point2d = 2, point2w, point3d = 3, point3w
};

于是 point2d = 2,point2w = 3, point3d = 3,point3w = 4;

第3章标准库类型

cin读入string时，读到空白字符，读取终止（空白字符留在输入流中）;

getline读入时，遇到换行符终止读入并丢弃换行符;

string::size_type，verctor<int>::size_type不要把size返回给int变量;

string s5 = s4+","+"world";这样ok;

string s6 = "hello"+","+s2;这样不正确;

cctype中的isalum(c)数字或字字母之类的函数;

vector<T> v(n) 默认初始化n个值;

vector(a+2,a+4) 用数组初始化vector;

C++习惯用!=;

改变vector长度之后，不要信赖原有的迭代器;

bitset<32> bitvec("1100") string类型倒序初始化;

bitset<32> bitvec(str,5,4) 第5个开始4个字符;

bitset<32> bitvec(str,str.size()-4) 只用后四位;

site_t 在cstddef中定义的与机器相关的无符号整数;

第4章数组和指针

void*指针支持操作：

与另一指针比较;

先函数传递void*指针或从函数返回void*指针;

给另一个void*指针赋值;

不允许使用void*指针操纵它所指向的对象;

cstddef中定义了ptrdiff_t这是一种与机器有关的有符号类型;

指针指向数组某个元素后可以 k = p[-2]

const int *p为const指针，是一个自认为指向const变量的指针;

int *const p为指针常量,不可改变指针存储的地址;

定义const int p = 2后，不能让一个非const指针指向p;

typedef string *pstring;
const pstring cstr;
pstring const cstr;
string *const cstr;
//以上三种定义形式等价

创建动态数组并用初始值初始化int *pia = new int[10]();

删除一个动态数组 delete [] pia;

char *str = st2.c_str();

int ia[3][4];
int (*ip)[4];
ip = &ia[2];

typedef int int_array[4];
int_array *ip=ia;

for (int_array *p = ia; p != ia + 3; ++p)
     for (int *q = *p; q != *p + 4; ++q)
         cout << *q << endl;

第5章表达式

只在有必要时才用后置操作符;

*iter++代表*(iter++)先使用原值解引用，再++，对比(*iter)++和*++iter;

int x[10];
int *p = x;
cout << sizeof(x)/sizeof(*x) << endl; //数组长度
cout << sizeof(p)/sizeof(*p) << endl; //与机器有关，返回指针大小/int大小

dynamic_cast用于支持运行时识别指针或引用所指向的对象，目前用途不太明确，mark一下;

const_cast转换const状态;

int a = static_cast<int>(b);

reinterpret_cast将操作数内容解释为另一种不同的类型;

第6章语句

悬垂else;

异常处理代码中，try\throw\catch的使用先mark一下

预处理宏，assert（）是一个宏，现代C++程序很少使用预处理宏。

第7章函数

尽量用const引用不被修改的形参;

f(int (&arr)[10])传递数组的引用，数组元素个数确定。

f(int (*matrix)[10]) 与 f(int matrix[][10])等价;

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
     for (int i = 0; i != argc; ++i) {
          cout << argv[i] << endl;
     }
     return 0;
}

varargs的用法，先Mark;

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Category: Programming Language | Tags: c++ | Read Count: 6493

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